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Cyclone Mahina is the deadliest cyclone in recorded Australian history. It struck Bathurst Bay, Cape York, on 4 March 1899, and its winds and storm surge combined to kill at least around 300 people.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tropical Cyclone Mahina: Bid to have deadly March 1899 weather event upgraded in record books )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Natural Disasters )〕 The World Meteorological Organisation is currently considering an application from Queensland scientists and researchers to have the Mahina's intensity upgraded to 880 hectopascals. This would make it the most intense cyclone recorded to have hit the Australian mainland.〔http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-12-26/cyclone-mahina/5964342〕 ==Intensity== Tropical cyclone Mahina hit on 4 March 1899. It ranks as a Category 5 cyclone, the most powerful of the tropical cyclone severity categories. In addition, Mahina perhaps ranks among the most intense cyclones ever observed in the Southern Hemisphere and almost certainly as the most intense cyclone ever observed off the Eastern states of Australia in recorded history. Clement Lindley Wragge, Government Meteorologist for Queensland pioneered naming of such storms and gave this storm its name, Mahina. Such storms occur extremely rarely. Scientists identified two other category-4 or 5 super-cyclones in the first half of the 19th century from their effects on the Great Barrier Reef and the Gulf of Carpentaria. This same research shows that such super-cyclones occur on average in the region only on average only once every two or three centuries.〔 *Michael Allaby, Richard Garratt, ''Hurricanes'', page 98, Infobase Publishing, 2003 ISBN 0816047952.〕 Contemporary reports vary considerably in the reported lowest barometric pressures. The pressure recorded on the schooner ''Olive'' reasonably consistently show her lowest pressure recorded: to 〔The Late Hurricane. The Advertiser (Adelaide, SA), p5, 14 March 1889. Available online at http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29436768〕 or between and .〔The Late Hurricane The Brisbane Courier, p5, 14 March 1899. Available on line at http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3689989〕 In a further variant, "during the lull in the hurricane, the barometer on the ''Olive'' recorded" to .〔The Hurricane in the North. Kalgoorlie Western Argus, p22, 16 March 1899. Available on line at http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32457780〕 Most sources record the schooner ''Crest of the Wave'' observation as 〔The Queensland Hurricane. The Sydney Morning Herald, p5 13 March 1899. on line at http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14204581〕〔The Queensland Hurricane. South Australian Register, p6, 14 March 1899. Available on line at http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article54427620〕〔Hurricane in the North. The Brisbane Courier, p8, 18 March 1899. Available on line at http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3690283〕 More modern reports of an 18-inch observation on a vessel in the eye of Mahina seemingly lack relationship to contemporary records.〔The Cairns Post 20 November 2008, p17.〕 One author 〔Whittingham, H. E. 1958, The Bathurst Bay Hurricane and associated storm surge. Australian Meteorological Magazine 23: 14-36. Available on line at http://reg.bom.gov.au/amoj/docs/1958/whittingham2.pdf〕 accepted the report from the ''Olive'' and the and report from the ''Crest of the Wave'', seemingly unaware of the discrepant reports. He estimated the track of the cyclone from the damage reports, placing it directly over the position of the ''Crest of the Wave''. The'' Olive'' to the north missed the centre. The separation between these schooners explains the difference between their respective pressure measurements. He calculates the centre pressure, standardised for temperature, as .〔 A study in 2014 found the lowest pressure perhaps around , based upon modeling of meteorological variables needed to induce the potentially world-record-setting surge height of . This surge closely matches new evidence on storm depositions and accounts actually reported to two other captains and in a letter to his parents a reading of . This study considers the apparently third-hand report of a not necessarily reliable measurement perhaps made five hours prior to passage of the eye. In comparison, tiny Cyclone Tracy devastated Darwin in 1974 with a central pressure of . Barometric pressure this low at mean sea level also likely caused cyclone Mahina to create such an intense, phenomenal, claimed world-record storm surge not thereafter known. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cyclone Mahina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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